Rancang bangun permainan waktu nyata "Yuk Kita Cari" dengan banyak pemain menggunakan Fash Actionscript 3 (AS3) dan SmartFoxServer2X (SFS2X)

Unsur-unsur kegembiraan dan kompetisi yang terdapat dalam sebuah permainan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mendukung pendidikan. Berbagai permainan telah dikembangkan untuk membantu anak belajar bahasa asing atau mengenal kosakata bahasa asing tersebut dalam suasana kompetisi yang menyenangkan. Namun, tidak banyak dari permainan-permainan tersebut yang melibatkan interaksi antar jaringan sehingga para pemain bisa bermain bersama dan saling berkompetisi secara daring. Padahal, sebuah permainan akan lebih menarik jika melibatkan interaksi dengan pemain lain. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan sebuah permainan waktu nyata dengan banyak pemain berbasis web yang dapat membantu memperkaya kosakata bahasa asing bagi anak-anak. Tugas Akhir ini bertujuan untuk membangun permainan “Yuk Kita Cari” yang diharapkan dapat menginisiasi pemenuhan kebutuhan tersebut . Teknologi yang digunakan adalah Flash ActionScript 3 dan SmartFoxServer2X. Platform Flash digunakan untuk membuat sisi aplikasi klien yang berupa jendela–jendela antarmuka tampilan permainan. Agar dapat dimainkan oleh banyak pemain, aplikasi klien satu dengan yang lain disinkronisasikan dengan menggunakan bantuan SmartFoxServer2X. SmartFoxServer2X juga berguna untuk menjembatani koneksi antara aplikasi klien dengan basis data. SmartFoxServer2X menyesuaikan logika ketika berkomunikasi dengan aplikasi klien dengan menggunakan sebuah ekstensi Java. Pengujian dilakukan dengan dua pemain pada lokasi permainan ”teras”. Dari pengujian dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi klien memiliki performa stabil ketika dimainkan, rata-rata 24 fps (frame per second). SmartFoxServer2X berhasil menangani sinkronisasi banyak klien dengan kecepatan transfer data antara 0,49 KB/detik hingga 0,69 KB/detik. Ke depan, diharapkan permainan “Yuk Kita Cari” terus dikembangkan sehingga dapat memberikan manfaat lebih untuk membantu memperkaya kosakata bahasa asing bagi anak-anak. ==================================================================================================== The excitement and competition elements that can be found at a game can be used to support education. Many various games have been developed to help a children to learn foreign language or to enrich the vocabulary of that foreign language. But, not many of those game that involve networking as it’s interaction system so that all player can play together and compete each other online. Whereas a game will be more interesting if it involves interaction between player. Thus, the web-based real-time multiplayer game to help children to enrich the vocabulary of foreign language is required. This final project aims to create “Yuk Kita Cari” game for initiating the accomplishment of that requirement . The technology used in this final project are Flash ActionScript 3 and SmartFoxServer2X. Flash platform is used to create client application that composed by display interfaces of the game. The client application is synchronized with each other using SmartFoxServer2X assistance, so it can be played by many players. SmartFoxServer2X also useful to bridge the connection between the client application with the database. Java extensions used by SmartFoxServer2X for adapting logic when communicating with the client application. Test carried out by 50 player. From the test can be concluded that the client application has a stable performance when played, an average of 24 fps (frames per second). SmartFoxServer2X successfully handle many clients synchronization with data transfer speeds between 0,49 KB/sec up to 0,69 KB/sec. In the future, we hope “Yuk Kita Cari” game can be upgraded so it can provide more benefit to the children to enrich the vocabulary of foreign language

A century of trends in adult human height

Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5-22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3-19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8-144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3�6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55 of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017�and more than 80 in some low- and middle-income regions�was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing�and in some countries reversal�of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories. © 2019, The Author(s)

Central depressant effects and toxicity of propofol in chicks

Propofol is an ultra-short acting anesthetic agent. The information on the pharmacological and toxicological effects of propofol in the chicken is rather limited. This study examines the toxicity and pharmaco-behavioral effects of propofol given intraperitoneally in 7–10 day-old chicks. The median effective doses of propofol for the induction of sedation, analgesia to electric stimulation and sleep in the chicks were 1.82, 2.21 and 5.71 mg/kg, respectively. The 24-h median lethal dose of propofol in chicks was 57.22 mg/kg. The therapeutic indices of propofol for sedation, analgesia and sleep were 31.4, 25.9 and 10, respectively. Propofol at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg reduced the locomotor activity and increased the duration of tonic immobility in chicks. Propofol at 2 and 4 mg/kg caused analgesia to electric stimulation as well as analgesia and anti-inflammatory responses against formalin test in chicks. Propofol at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg induced sleep in chicks for 8.4 to 25 min. Physostigmine shortened the sleep duration of propofol. Data suggest that propofol induces anti-inflammatory action and central nervous system depression in chicks resulting in sedation, analgesia and anesthesia with wide safety margin. These effects could form the basis of further pharmacological and toxicological studies on propofol in the young chick model, and the drug could be safely applied clinically in the chicken

The analgesic efficacy of xylazine and dipyrone in hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in chicks

The effect of oxidative stress–induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the analgesic effect of xylazine and dipyrone in 7-14 days old chicks was studied, compared with the control group that given plane tap water. H2O2, 0.5 % in water, induced oxidative stress in chicks by significantly lowering glutathione, rising malondialdehyde in plasma, whole brain during the day 7th, 10th, 14th of chicks old in comparison with the control group. The analgesic median effective doses (ED50) of xylazine and dipyrone in the control group were determined to be 0.79 and 65.3 mg/kg, intramuscularly (i.m.), respectively whereas H2O2 treated groups decreased these values to be 0.31 and 37.2 mg/kg, i.m. by 61 and 43%, respectively. Intramuscular injection of xylazine and dipyrone at 0.5, 70 mg/kg respectively causes analgesia from electro-stimulation induced pain in 50, 66.67% respectively in control groups whereas H2O2 treated chicks increases the analgesic efficacy to be 83.33 and 83.33% respectively. Xylazine and dipyrone injection at 1 and 100 mg/kg, i.m. 15 minutes before formaldehyde injection in right planter foot of stressed chicks causes analgesia from pain induced by formaldehyde through significant increases in onset of lifting of formaldehyde injected foot, significantly decreases its lifting numbers, decreases the time elapsed of lifting of formaldehyde injected foot in comparison with the stressed control group that injected with saline in right planter foot. The data of this study indicate that H2O2-induced oxidative stress potentiate the analgesic efficacy of the central and peripheral analgesics of xylazine and dipyrone in chicks

Zika virus and Guillain–Barré syndrome in Bangladesh

Objective: Previous studies have associated Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) with Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks in South America and Oceania. In Asia, ZIKV is known to circulate widely, but the association with Guillain–Barré syndrome is unclear. We investigated whether endemic ZIKV infection is associated with the development of GBS. Methods: A prospective study was conducted from 2011 to 2015 in Bangladesh. A total of 418 patients and 418 healthy family controls were included in the study. Patients were diagnosed with GBS prior to inclusion according to established criteria. Detailed information on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, electrophysiology, diagnosis, disease severity, and clinical course were obtained during a follow-up of 1 year using a predefined protocol. Results: ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies were detected in our study from 2013 onwards. The prevalence of ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies was not significantly higher in patients with GBS compared to healthy controls (OR 2.23, P = 0.14, 95% CI 0.77–6.53). Serological evidence for prior ZIKV infection in patients with GBS was associated with more frequent cranial, sensory, and autonomic nerve involvement compared to GBS patients with Campylobacter jejuni, the predominant preceding infection in GBS worldwide. Nerve-conduction studies revealed that ZIKV antibodies were associated with a demyelinating subtype of GBS, while C. jejuni infections were related to an axonal subtype. Interpretation: No significant association was found between ZIKV infection and GBS in Bangladesh, but GBS following ZIKV infection was characterized by a distinct clinical and electrophysiological subtype compared to C. jejuni infection. These findings indicate that ZIKV may precede a specific GBS subtype but the risk is low